![]() ![]() Inadequate disease control, with many studies finding frequent relapses in the first 2 to 5 yearsĬorrelated with disease worsening. 8,9 Disability results when recovery from relapse is incomplete. Resulting inflammatory cascade activates microglial cells, resulting in the loss of neurons andĪxons and the enhanced or new white matter lesions observed on gadolinium-enhanced MRI. Inflammatory cells and cytokines that target myelin, axons, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Relapse occurs when a loss of integrity in the blood-brain barrier allows infiltration of Symptoms include muscle weakness and/or spasticity, visual deficits, bladderĪnd bowel dysfunction, fatigue, and cognitive impairment. Sheaths surrounding nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord leads to scarring, axonal loss, and brain atrophy. Inflammation, presumably linked to autoimmunity. MS is a chronic, disabling degenerative disease characterized by central nervous system (CNS) 5,6 MS OVERVIEW: MS DISEASE PRESENTATION AND PHENOTYPES Hospitalizations, emergency department visits, and unnecessary complications. Impact on adherence to treatment, and to prevent outcomes such as avoidable Patient in shared decision-making about the healthcare process has been shown to have an Management of chronic conditions such as MS to be more patient-centered. On a national level, there is a demand for ![]() Keeping up with the latest changes in MS therapeutics can be logistically difficult even forĬlinicians who have extensive experience with MS. Pharmacists in many practice settings need strategies for patient counseling in this highlyĬomplex and rapidly changing therapeutic area. Introduced, pharmacists are often called to evaluate therapeutic risks and benefits. Safety warnings, and other relevant aspects of care. Therapeutic switches, pharmacists in managed care settings need thorough knowledge of theĪpproved and emerging MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), their contraindications and To participate in formulary decision-making and authorization for initial therapy and Up monitoring parameters, and providing patient counseling to address barriers in adherence toĪnd persistence with medications used in this disease. Serious diseases such as MS and may be involved in recommending a course of therapy, setting Specialty pharmacists play important decision-making roles in managing high-cost, Intravenous (IV) and specialty formulations are approved, and the cost of treatment continues ![]() Multiple sclerosis (MS), as the number of approved biologic therapies expands, more Specialty and managed care pharmacists are increasingly involved in the management of How Specialty Pharmacists Can Enhance Patient-Driven Care in Multiple Sclerosis-Article ROLE OF SPECIALTY AND MANAGED CARE PHARMACISTS IN MS ![]()
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